People can get fatigue when they have not slept for so long. Another reason for fatigue would be working for so many hours. It is possible that people are experiencing weariness as a result of a medical problem. Here we are talking about fatigue caused due to HIV and how we can treat that. Fatigue happens to almost everyone all over the world. Fatigue due to HIV is famous everywhere. People have studied fatigue occurring due to HIV/AIDS. Researchers have studied modafinil's effects on fatigue in HIV/AIDS in people.

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY HIV/AIDS? 

The full of HIV is the Human Immuno virus. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is the abbreviated form of the disease known as AIDS. The human immune virus causes a fatal condition called AIDS. Your immune system as a whole is highly compromised. Your body's natural defences against illness and infection are compromised when you have HIV. HIV can transfer from STI, infected blood, or if you use injection needles for other patients. HIV can also transfer from the mother to the baby if the mother is pregnant or breastfeeding. If you are not on medicines, then HIV will make your immune system weak. It may take years to detect AIDS. 

There is no total cure for AIDS, but we can prevent the infection and progression of HIV. There are antiviral drugs that help reduce the effect of HIV in patients. So many organizations around the world are working on prevention and treatment.

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CAUSES OF AIDS:

The main reason behind AIDS is HIV. Sexual contact, injection use, and needles used for other patients are all reasons you have AIDS. It is possible for the virus to pass from mother to child whether the mother is pregnant or breastfeeding. CD4 T cells are examples of white blood cells that can be found in the human body. White blood cells help our body from diseases. If your immune system is compromised, then your body will have a lower number of CD4 T cells. 

HOW WILL YOU GET TO KNOW THAT YOU HAVE AIDS? 

HIV is a virus that does not show any symptoms for years. If your CD4 T cells decrease to about 200 cells, then you may have AIDS or if you have cancer or infection. 

Now we will see how HIV spreads in people. Infected blood, semen, or secretions from the vagina can be reasons that you have AIDS. Below is a list of some ways which tell about the movement of HIV:

• Sex: Semen and infected blood is the reason for HIV to travel. Vaginal or oral sex can also help HIV to spread.
• Sharing needles: Needles and syringes which are not properly sterilized can make you an HIV patient or if you have hepatitis.
• Blood transfusion: If your blood is given to other patients and is HIV positive, others will suffer. So many hospitals and blood banks check the blood given for HIV. If your income is good, then checking of blood is possible as it is very costly. 
• Pregnancy/breastfeeding/childbirth: Pregnant mother can become a host who can pass HIV to her baby. Mothers who are HIV positive undergo treatment so that the risk of affecting the baby reduces.

Some people believe that HIV can be transmitted by physical contact such as hugging, kissing, dancing, or shaking hands. So for your kind information, HIV is not spread through any of the above movements. HIV is also not spread through water, air, or any bite from insects.

SYMPTOMS OF AIDS:

There are phases of infection of HIV and AIDS. 

• Acute HIV: This is the stage where HIV enters the body. A person will feel like he has flu in two to four weeks. When a person has flu, then the body shows symptoms which are as follows: Headache, Fever, joint pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and night sweats. The infection at this time spreads very fast. The virus in the blood at this time is more.
• Chronic HIV: This stage is almost asymptomatic, but HIV is present in white blood cells. So many people will not have any infection. This stage remains for a long if you are taking antiretroviral drugs. 
• Symptomatic HIV: Virus does not stop multiplying, and the immune system starts destroying. You will see mild infections, and you will also see chronic symptoms, which are as follows: 

• Fever
• Tiredness
• Lymph nodes are swollen
• Diarrhea
• Pneumonia

Progression of HIV to AIDS:

The number of deaths is decreased which are due to AIDS. There are no cases of AIDS being reported in the United States of America. AIDS is not developing from HIV at this time. If any person does not take treatment, then HIV turns into AIDS, but it takes about eight to ten years. AIDS is almost the last stage. Your immune system is damaged if you have AIDS. You will suffer from diseases that are not caused to the person whose immune system is strong. Infections or cancers are caused when the immune system is weak, called opportunistic infections.

Infections in the body show some symptoms which are as follows: 

• Skin rashes
• Swollen lymph glands
• Weight loss
• Lesions in tongue or mouth
• Fever comes again and again
• Chills

HOW TO CHECK THE EFFICACY OF MODAFINIL:

A clinical trial of modafinil started in HIV patients. The response was estimated after four weeks of trial. From February of 2003 through January of 2004, data collection occurred regarding the medicine and its effects. The people on modafinil continued to administer modafinil for the next eight weeks. Insertion of modafinil in HIV patients, there is a criterion made which should be approval from the doctor and clinically important tiredness. It should also consist of antiretroviral medicines, and there should not be any medical condition that causes tiredness.

There is another criterion that is rejected and consists of major depression, which is not cured, and any substance abuse which you are doing right now. The most important outcome measures from other outcomes were the Fatigue severity scale and the Chalder fatigue scale. The Hamilton depression rating scale and the Beck depression inventory were the primary instruments used to measure the outcomes. There were also tests of mind and relationship with CNS estimating verbal memory, processing speed, and executive function. Measures like immunologic and virologic are performed at baseline, and treatment assessment is done in the fourth week.

RESULTS OF MODAFINIL ON HIV PATIENTS:

The patients completed treatment which was about four weeks. Eighty percent of them gave a response to the study. There was an improvement in tiredness, depression, and executive function in the people who responded as t compared to non-responders. Side effects were also present in some people: headache, irritation, and hyper.

FINAL CONCLUSION: 

From the above article, we conclude that fatigue is a common problem in people with HIV/AIDS. HIV is a virus that has an effect on the immune system of humans. Some cells prevent our body from diseases. The numbers of cells in HIV are less. During the initial phase, a person living with HIV is susceptible to a variety of infections. After that, he does not have more infections, and symptoms are also not seen.

If you are not looking at the depth of the problem, HIV turns into AIDS. In the case of AIDS, people show severe symptoms like skin rashes, Fever, chills, etc. According to the case study of modafinil working in HIV/AIDS patients, modafinil decreases fatigue in HIV patients. Depression is also reduced. There is improvement in memory and executive function.